Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,,
Reasoning is the process of
thinking that is contrary to the observation senses (empirical observation)
that produces a number of concepts and understanding. In reasoning,
propositions which form the basis of inference is called the premise
(antesedens) and the results of the conclusion is called the conclusion
(consequence). The relationship between the premise and the conclusion are
called consequences. In reasoning, there are two methods of reasoning, namely
inductive method and deductive method. Briefly deductive method is to draw
conclusions from general premises to conclusion that much more special. While
inductive is the conclusion of a special premises into a common conclusion.
Both types of reasoning are equally used as a method of proof in mathematics,
and is also used as a towing conclusions in science in general.
Inductive reasoning is a
method used to think the opposite of those things specific to the general. This
reasoning is done by observing something, then make observations about
something else that is similar to the first observation, then the results of
the observations it became premise. After doing some observations were then
made a conclusion that includes all the observations that have been made ,
the process is called generalization and the conclusion is called a hypothesis.
Deductive reasoning is usually used in all fields of science but little in use
in mathematics, because all sciences except mathematics arguably not an exact
science. The weakness in this reasoning is that it can be hypothesized that
have been made will be wrong when the discovery of something that is not
consistent with the hypothesis that. The advantages of induction reasoning is
that we will get a new statement of a general nature over particular cases
(knowledge expanding).
In contrast to inductive
reasoning, deductive reasoning is the method used to think the opposite of
something common into the more specific conclusions. This reasoning begins with
the premise that makes two major premise and the minor premise. Major premise
is a general statement which refers to a whole set or class of objects. While
the minor premise is a special statement about one or several members of the
set or class that refers to general statements. The premise of the two then
made the logical deduction that is done when a general statement is applied to
a special statement. This reasoning is widely used in mathematics, especially
in geometry, but rarely used in other sciences. The advantages of deductive reasoning
is claimed conclusions will never go wrong if the premises are true (truth
preserving). The weakness of this reasoning is the conclusion never exceeds its
premise.
In conclusion, although the
two types of reasoning is equally used as towing conclusions, but have
different stages. Inductive weakness will be the deductive excess and inductive
excess will be deductive weakness.
woah
BalasHapus